Sistem Operasi: Pengertian, Sejarah, Tujuan dan Fitur

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Windows, Linux, Android, Ios atau lain sebagainya merupakan beberapa Operating System (OS) atau jika diterjemahkan dalam bahasa indonesia bernama Sistem Operasi.

Tentunya beberapa dari kita pasti pernah menggunakan salah satu OS diatas, Namun apakah Anda tahu tentang Apa itu Pengertian Sistem Operasi, sejarah tujuan dan fungsi Operating System (OS). Jika belum silahkan baca postingan ini sampai selesai untuk menambah wawasan Anda.

Pengertian Sistem Operasi

Sistem Operasi atau juga dikenal dengan Operating System adalah Perangkat Lunak Sistem yang menangani sumber daya komputer seperti perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak komputer dan menawarkan layanan yang sering kepada program komputer. Dengan kata lain, Operating System didefinisikan sebagai perangkat lunak yang menciptakan antarmuka antara pengguna dan perangkat keras komputer.

Dalam sistem komputer, untuk menjalankan program apa pun, setidaknya satu Operating System adalah suatu keharusan. Sebuah aplikasi seperti MS word, chrome, games, dll membutuhkan lingkungan agar aplikasi tersebut dapat berjalan dan menjalankan fungsinya. Melalui Operating System, komunikasi dilakukan dengan mudah dengan komputer tanpa mengetahui bahasa komputer. Tanpa sistem operasi, tidak mungkin menggunakan komputer atau perangkat seluler apa pun.

Sistem operasi berguna untuk memantau dan menangani eksekusi program lain yang ada di komputer, yang terdiri dari aplikasi dan perangkat lunak sistem. Tujuan utama dari Operating System adalah untuk menawarkan lingkungan sehingga pengguna dapat menjalankan program dengan tepat.

Sejarah Sistem Operasi

Sistem operasi pertama dikembangkan pada akhir 1950-an untuk mengelola penyimpanan kaset.

Pada tahun 1950, IBM 701-the general motors research lab mengembangkan Operating System pertama.

Pada 1960-an, disk digunakan dalam sistem operasi, dan versi utama Operating System Unix dikembangkan.

OS pertama yang dikembangkan Microsoft adalah DOS. Ini dikembangkan pada tahun 1981 dengan membeli perangkat lunak 86-DOS perusahaan Seattle.

Pada tahun 1985, saat GUI dikembangkan dan digabungkan dengan MS-DOS, OS jendela populer saat ini pertama kali muncul.

Tujuan Sistem Operasi

Berikut 5 Tujuan atau Fungsi Sistem Operasi adalah sebagai berikut:

  1. OS menawarkan pengguna antarmuka yang sesuai untuk menggunakan sistem komputer.
  2. Membantu kita untuk menyembunyikan informasi yang terkait dengan sumber daya perangkat keras dari pengguna.
  3. Sistem operasi menyediakan pembagian sumber daya di antara pengguna dan program dengan cara yang efisien.
  4. OS membantu kita untuk mengelola sumber daya sistem komputer.
  5. Operating System menawarkan pembagian sumber daya yang nyaman dan tidak memihak antara pengguna dan program.

Fitur Sistem Operasi

Manajemen Memori

Sistem operasi melacak memori utama, artinya melacak bagian mana dari memori yang digunakan, bagian mana yang tidak digunakan, dan juga membantu mengalokasikan memori ketika suatu proses memintanya.

Manajemen Prosesor

Manajemen prosesor berarti mengalokasikan prosesor ke proses saat proses membutuhkan dan juga membatalkan alokasi prosesor saat proses tidak memerlukan prosesor.

Manajemen Perangkat

Sistem operasi juga memelihara jalur semua perangkat, yang berarti OS memutuskan proses mana yang harus mendapatkan perangkat, kapan dan untuk berapa lama.

Manajemen file

OS menyediakan fasilitas manajemen file.

Keamanan

Operating System mencegah program dan data dari akses tidak sah dengan menggunakan kata sandi dan beberapa teknik lainnya.

Akuntansi pekerjaan

Ini juga melacak sumber daya dan waktu yang digunakan oleh pekerjaan yang berbeda.

Kontrol atas kinerja sistem

Ini juga membantu menjaga penundaan pemulihan di antara permintaan layanan dan dari sistem.

Alat bantu pendeteksi kesalahan

Operating System juga menyediakan fasilitas deteksi kesalahan dengan menghasilkan dump, jejak, pesan kesalahan, dan dengan menggunakan teknik debugging dan pendeteksian kesalahan yang berbeda.

Elemen dasar Sistem Operasi

Elemen dasar dari Operating System adalah:

  1. Memori utama
  2. Prosesor
  3. Sistem bus
  4. modul I/O

Berikut Penjelasannya:

Memori Utama

Memori utama disebut juga memori Primer atau memori Volatile. Memori utama menyimpan data dan program. Memori utama disebut memori volatil karena ketika sistem dimatikan, maka isi memori terhapus secara otomatis, atau konten hilang. Oleh sebab itu, salah satu Komponen Sistem Operasi ini sangatlah penting.

Prosesor

Prosesor didefinisikan sebagai sirkuit elektronik terintegrasi yang melakukan tugas perhitungan di komputer. Ia melakukan input/ output (I/O), operasi logis aritmatika, dan instruksi dasar yang diteruskan dari Operating System. Tugas prosesor adalah mengontrol proses di komputer dan juga melakukan fungsi pemrosesan data. Jika hanya ada satu prosesor, maka itu disebut unit pengolah pusat (CPU) , yang Anda semua tahu.

Sebuah prosesor dapat terdiri dari unit logika Aritmatika dan unit kontrol, yang mengukur kemampuan dalam hal berikut.

  • Jumlah maksimum bit/instruksi.
  • Kecepatan jam relatif.
  • Kemampuan untuk memproses instruksi pada waktu tertentu

Bus sistem

Bus sistem adalah elemen Operating System yang bertanggung jawab untuk komunikasi antara prosesor, modul I/O, dan memori utama.

Modul I/O

Tugas modul I/O adalah memindahkan data di dalam komputer ke lingkungan eksternal periferalnya. Lingkungan eksternal terdiri dari berbagai jenis perangkat seperti memori sekunder seperti pen drive, CD, dll. Peralatan komunikasi seperti (kabel LAN), terminal, dll.

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